use of paste command is giving an error message

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,
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It would help in the future if you could provide a reproducible example, with a version of train.

So for example building an example data.frame train:

train <- data.frame(X1 = 1:50,
                    X2 = 50:1,
                    X3 = 201:250,
                    X4 = 250:201,
                    X5 = 251:300)

for(i in 1:5){
  v <- paste("X",i,sep="")
  newdata <- subset(train, abs(scale(train[[v]])) >= 3)
  cat("There are", nrow(newdata) ,"potential v outliers >= |3| in train","\n")
}
#> There are 0 potential v outliers >= |3| in train 
#> There are 0 potential v outliers >= |3| in train 
#> There are 0 potential v outliers >= |3| in train 
#> There are 0 potential v outliers >= |3| in train 
#> There are 0 potential v outliers >= |3| in train

Created on 2022-12-12 by the reprex package (v2.0.1)

There are two problems in your code, first:

here, you have "i" in quotes, so R understands the character string "i". You mean the value of the variable i, so you should not use quotes:

v <- paste("X",i,sep="")

Second, after this command, v is a variable that contains the character string "X1" (for i=1). But what you want to scale is not "X1", it's the column of train that is named X1. So you can call it with train[[v]], which means "select the column of train which is named as the value of the variable v".

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