Nice question. I'm not familiar with Arabic dates and I'm not sure whether Chrome is displaying the characters correctly. One possible method would be to convert the characters a list of to integers and then parse each element:
You can see 10 is easily deduced but I seem to have mangled the date. (The file aarabic.txt contains your aarabic object and the last line of your post as copied and pasted.)
If you like, you can provide a link to a .txt file containing the dates in the form you need to convert, rather than relying on copying and pasting from a webpage. Also how are dates written in Arabic? (For example, is it mm-dd-yyyy but with Arabic digits or is there anything else that's different?)
I'm having fun learning how to write dates in Arabic, but @hughparsonage is right: the format is just as important as the numbers.
I suggest creating a function that uses regular expressions or strsplit() to break the dates into pieces, translate the pieces to be Hindu-Arabic numerals, recombine them into a date string, and then parse that string.
I've tried regex splitting, but have no idea if I'm doing it right, since I'm not familiar with Arabic numerals: