Pandoc location is cached for render to find it. find_pandoc is used to select the correct value to be used. So you just have to call find_pandocbefore calling render. if cache = TRUE (the default), this selected version, the one returned by find_pandoc, will be used because the value have been cached and find_pandoc() by default return the cached value.
Here an example of how it works
library(rmarkdown)
# default to last version found
find_pandoc()
#> $version
#> [1] '2.10.1'
#>
#> $dir
#> [1] "C:/Users/chris/scoop/shims"
# use one from a specified directory
# cache=FALSE is needed because one version is already cached
find_pandoc(cache = FALSE, dir = Sys.getenv("RSTUDIO_PANDOC"))
#> $version
#> [1] '2.7.3'
#>
#> $dir
#> [1] "C:/Users/chris/scoop/apps/rstudio/current/bin/pandoc"
# it becomes the default
find_pandoc()
#> $version
#> [1] '2.7.3'
#>
#> $dir
#> [1] "C:/Users/chris/scoop/apps/rstudio/current/bin/pandoc"
# use a specified version
find_pandoc(cache = FALSE, version = "2.10.1")
#> $version
#> [1] '2.10.1'
#>
#> $dir
#> [1] "C:/Users/chris/scoop/shims"
# it becomes the default
find_pandoc()
#> $version
#> [1] '2.10.1'
#>
#> $dir
#> [1] "C:/Users/chris/scoop/shims"
Created on 2020-07-25 by the reprex package (v0.3.0.9001)