Hi all,
I have the below dataset containing dates, returns for a several stocks (the stocks are classified by numbers), and other independent variables.
I want to execute multiple regressions on each stock, but my problem is that the regression function does not work when the column name is a number.
> reg.test <- lm(formula= "10026 ~ mktrf + hml + smb", data= retDailyMerged ,na.action = na.omit)
I get the following error message: "Error in terms.formula(formula, data = data) : invalid term in model formula"
I am certain that the problem lies with the column name being a number, because when I substitute the column name as a letter it works just perfectly fine.
data:
structure(list(date = structure(c(17533, 17534, 17535, 17536,
17539, 17540, 17541, 17542, 17543, 17547, 17548, 17549, 17550,
17553, 17554, 17555, 17556, 17557, 17560, 17561, 17562, 17563,
17564, 17567, 17568, 17569, 17570, 17571, 17574, 17575, 17576,
17577, 17578, 17582, 17583, 17584, 17585, 17588, 17589, 17590,
17591, 17592, 17595, 17596, 17597, 17598, 17599, 17602, 17603,
17604, 17605, 17606, 17609, 17610, 17611, 17612, 17613, 17616,
17617, 17618, 17619, 17623, 17624, 17625, 17626, 17627, 17630,
17631, 17632, 17633, 17634, 17637, 17638, 17639, 17640, 17641,
17644, 17645, 17646, 17647, 17648, 17651, 17652, 17653, 17654,
17655, 17658, 17659, 17660, 17661, 17662, 17665, 17666, 17667,
17668, 17669, 17672, 17673, 17674, 17675), tzone = "UTC", tclass = "Date", class = "Date"),
`10026` = c(NA, -0.00998786767581905, 0.0138127158236847,
-0.00955052427703185, 0.000741739716790146, -0.00720975675493563,
-0.0127595357676122, 0.00776838940132052, -0.000613957295859224,
0.00109215017064845, 0.0367516705304787, -0.01025971719829,
0.0219947490202173, -0.026332899869961, 0.00313856427378956,
-0.0123818399680468, 0.0172553248854137, -0.0145109992048768,
0.00551334633228007, -0.0706117686392511, -0.00395719088012159,
0.00794560820572077, -0.0183459236309247, -0.0273031829464154,
0.0200389507626124, -0.00860856449120728, -0.0190738445098826,
0.0130135431641067, 0.00261416087833322, 0.00275618275058243,
0.0278582571874304, 0.00303555941023403, 0.00230587980977082,
-0.00359453604640292, -0.0191198398903435, -0.00970945200441331,
0.00586793433855748, 0.0125535371437011, -0.0070011668611436,
-0.0134400705052877, 0.00126554008784319, 0.0202230483271375,
0.0107127240926979, 0.0162232316677482, 0.00276713495104319,
-0.002334960730206, 0.00567375886524824, -0.00486600846262342,
-0.00070873786407788, -0.0147507279448781, -0.025552366339334,
0.00967646624316743, -0.00424317799400087, -0.00330614943795471,
-0.013563246351172, -0.000896801606874886, -0.0126403141361257,
0.0240133341423632, -0.000739680480816629, -0.0034053893988748,
0.0144109344822463, -0.0167691857059168, 0.0236091457510985,
0.0130238649592549, 0.00933706816059776, -0.0145876325339785,
0.0022385181975737, 0.00943886515158621, 0, 0.000142683787103248,
-0.00413938053097351, 0.0205676523267631, 0.0109542869180534,
0.000138987289018733, -0.0133342583975098, -0.00985436687165719,
-7.10883628349812e-05, -0.00277264325323467, 0.00128323946674258,
0.000142399430402396, -0.00989535132056663, -0.0120074777106702,
-0.0388617276762973, -0.0182479731772566, -0.00647840505938613,
0.0301194666884437, 0.0177091183119822, 0.0033320992225101,
0.00177129151291533, 0.000441947808903276, 0.00942562592047125,
-0.00809746133644595, 0.00544245054056058, 0.0141174007667761,
0.0119734564339298, 0.00285103349964344, 0.00106616915422886,
-0.0255591746141871, 0.00582877959927153, 0.0057225642883012
), `10028` = c(NA, 0.0102061855670104, -0.0205122971731809,
-0.0103146488851844, 0.0631645436361723, -0.0690167343301317,
0.0316953839608594, -0.00824742268041234, 0.0343035343035343,
-0.0733668341708542, 0.0734273318872016, -0.000303122158229807,
0.0309278350515465, -0.0287254901960784, 0.00938730190774195,
0.0501, -0.0191410341872202, 0, -0.0679611650485438, 0, 0.046875,
-0.0348258706467661, -0.020618556701031, -0.0313684210526315,
0.000869376222560447, 0.0206297502714439, -0.0106382978723403,
-0.0322580645161291, 0.0222222222222221, 0, 0.0158695652173912,
-0.00481489407233038, 0.02128803354478, -0.0209495736393304,
0.0103225806451612, 0.00234142188165176, 0.00934380972605653,
-0.000525983589312107, -0.000105252078728579, -0.0210526315789473,
-0.0053763440860215, 0.0810810810810809, -0.053, -0.0390707497360083,
0.0219780219780219, -0.0108602150537634, 0.000108707468203129,
0, 0.0080434782608696, -0.0187621306879447, 0.000109890109890154,
-0.000109878035380762, 0, -0.0307692307692308, -0.0258503401360545,
0.0416666666666667, -0.0100558659217878, -0.0244920993227992,
-0.0396852944579429, 0.013975903614458, -0.0137832699619772,
-0.0240963855421685, 0.0246913580246912, 0.0110843373493976,
-0.0238322211630123, -0.00769042968750011, 0.017099274203469,
0.0293904208998548, 0.0222065562213607, -0.0219540229885058,
0, 0.00434833705488313, 0.0063187456119822, 0.00813953488372099,
-0.00807381776239913, 0, -0.000116279069767411, -0.0232585184323759,
0.0121443028932016, -0.0295259381249265, 0.0060606060606061,
0.0120481927710843, -0.0119047619047619, -0.00614457831325299,
-0.0180627954903624, -0.0246913580246914, -0.0126582278481012,
0.0384615384615385, -0.0234567901234568, -0.00126422250316061,
-0.0341772151898735, -0.0252948885976408, -0.0181524808390481,
-0.0153382634894549, 0.0739916550764952, -0.0282310282310283,
0.0126599147121536, -0.0130280300039479, -0.0253333333333333,
0.0292749658002736), `10032` = c(NA, 0.00130975769482644,
0.0122629169391759, 0.00492650621870472, 0.0466929197138954,
-0.00906019656019663, -0.0119324345265769, 0.0123902132998746,
0.0204492641363285, -0.0318809776833157, 0.00925199937274579,
-0.0658794282162835, 0.0073186959414504, -0.00974240422721273,
0.00533600133400025, -0.0106153590976945, 0.0149203688181057,
0.0122233234225306, -0.0119125326370758, -0.00990916597853009,
-0.00333611342785656, 0.0123849372384937, -0.0110762109439577,
-0.027415580073554, 0.0134066689584049, 0.00729308005427409,
-0.0313184037716787, -0.00104293412132805, 0.010266225856969,
-0.0072338959696866, 0.0152671755725191, 0.0105946684894054,
0.000338180588434156, 0.0270453008789724, -0.00971033574720204,
0.00515206913744382, 0.00793650793650791, 0.0150918635170605,
-0.0105042016806723, -0.0148619957537155, -0.00513925729442977,
0.0236627228795201, 0.00455803353410378, 0.0134500081024145,
0.00959385992964501, -0.0023756731073804, 0.0204794411811398,
0.0132233976353453, -0.0102871180715493, -0.00853242320819103,
0.00688468158347666, 0.0226884226884227, -0.0132198753988756,
-0.00615953187557727, -0.00185931205453993, -0.0276311704439616,
-0.0370370370370371, -0.00116047745358094, -0.0293775933609959,
0.000341997264021954, 0.0210256410256409, -0.0165745856353591,
0.0156622403813413, 0.00134093194770379, 0.00150652828925346,
-0.0207253886010362, -0.00273084144051894, 0.0255005990073593,
0.00901201602136181, 0.00628514720476359, 0.0175871137409598,
0.00242287191083834, 0.00032226877215602, 0.00982603092783507,
-0.0012761205933961, -0.00511100463184799, 0.000481618237277326,
-0.00706033376123227, -0.00646412411118302, -0.110279765777489,
0.0157221206581353, -0.0129589632829373, 0.0255288110867979,
0.00782361308677104, -0.000705716302046522, 0.027542372881356,
-0.0020618556701032, 0.00447658402203865, -0.00308536167295181,
0.0110041265474552, 0.00544217687074822, -0.00541271989174563,
-0.00935374149659862, 0.0116738197424893, 0.00916341422026123,
0.00504456028249556, -0.00150577212648495, -0.0102211796246648,
-0.0135432537667174, -0.00858074480864934), `10044` = c(NA,
0.0256410256410258, 0.00249999999999995, -0.00249376558603487,
-0.0083333333333333, 0.000840336134453779, 0.00923593618807717,
0.0391014975041597, -0.0120096076861489, -0.00729335494327388,
0.00489795918367353, -0.00649878147847283, 0.017170891251022,
-0.00401929260450151, 0.00322841000807106, -0.00876910699919553,
0.0136352568785003, -0.00712627111858444, 0, 0.0024193548387097,
-0.00321802091713586, -0.00968523002421318, 0.00407497962510184,
-0.0089285714285714, -0.000819000819000992, 0.00491803278688518,
-0.00407830342577475, 0.0141195741195741, -0.00180901925313359,
0.00970873786407767, 0.00881410256410242, -0.0015885623510723,
0.000795544948289484, -0.0174880763116058, 0.00404530744336573,
-0.0112812248186946, -0.00488997555012216, 0.00654381654381653,
-0.00681047038625204, -0.000507938588586221, 0.00327868852459035,
-0.000816993464052285, -0.00899427636958305, -0.00165016501650161,
-0.00165289256198342, 0.0124172185430464, -0.00368765331152898,
-0.0102503918784725, -0.0074626865671642, -0.0158730158730159,
-0.00169779286926997, 0.056122448979592, -0.0177133655394526,
-0.012295081967213, 0, -0.0032365145228217, 0.00907501456997761,
-0.0053877887788778, 0.00956473408711944, -0.0115036976170912,
0, 0.00332502078137997, -0.00248550124275071, 0.00249169435215957,
0.0149130074565038, -0.0204081632653061, 0.00916666666666655,
0, -0.000825763831544202, 0.000371900826446225, 0.00293279358916121,
-0.00329489291598029, 0.00543801652892562, -0.00458662808857624,
-0.00328654004954576, 0.000480522278007101, -0.00960582974494861,
-0.0142140468227426, 0.000848176420695568, -0.0144067796610169,
0, -0.00343938091143603, 0.00690250215703192, -0.00783204798628967,
-0.00592472319624138, 0.00955690703735868, -0.00413080895008611,
-0.00535776011061173, -0.00086880973066894, 0.0057304347826086,
-0.00310395213515591, -0.000867302688638327, 7.81249999999289e-05,
0.00426181982310414, 0.00172860847018153, -0.00431406384814503,
-0.00519930675909863, -0.00958188153310113, 0.00143359718557612,
0.00108902804247202), `10051` = c(NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_), `10065` = c(NA, 0.00794701986754975, 0.00854139290407363,
0.00195439739413694, 0.00260078023407018, 0.00324254215304798,
0, 0.00646412411118291, 0.00642260757867685, 0, 0.00382897255902992,
-0.000635727908455119, 0.00381679389312972, 0.00633713561470217,
0.0100755667506296, -0.00311720698254359, -0.00250156347717334,
0.00752351097178683, -0.00560049782202865, -0.00876095118898623,
0.0037878787878789, -0.00125786163522013, -0.0214105793450883,
-0.0444015444015444, 0.0154882154882154, 0.00265251989389914,
-0.0337301587301587, 0.00889801505817944, 0.0128900949796471,
0.00200937709310112, 0.0140374331550801, 0.007910349373764,
0.00327011118378029, -0.00651890482398954, -0.00262467191601057,
0.00131578947368438, 0.0151116951379762, 0.00970873786407767,
-0.00641025641025639, -0.0109677419354839, -0.0123939986953685,
-0.00198150594451796, 0.00727994705493051, 0.00131406044678051,
0.000485564304461894, 0.00476146752889006, 0.0182767624020888,
0.00448717948717947, -0.00957243139757502, -0.009020618556701,
-0.0013003901170352, 0, -0.0110677083333334, 0.00197498354180392,
0.000657030223390365, -0.0262639527248851, -0.0215778826702629,
0.0248104755341143, -0.0161398789509077, -0.00273410799726592,
0.0123372172721041, -0.022342586323629, 0.0110803324099724,
0.0123287671232877, 0.00744248985115026, -0.0188045668233715,
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-0.00202292650033709, 0.0128378378378378, 0.000667111407605114,
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-0.00328299409061072, 0.00856389986824779, -0.000653167864141047,
0.000653594771241828, 0.000653167864141047), `10104` = c(NA,
0.023161055114733, 0.00985118423810527, 0.00601909506019083,
0.0105219723540333, 0.00163331972233571, -0.00529963310232384,
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0.0019, 5e-04, -0.0055, 0.005, 2e-04, -0.0023, 0.0072, -0.0042,
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