I think helpers are going to need some more information in order to help you figure this out. To start:
Do you have the same problem when you try to install from R, outside of RStudio? (If you’re not sure of the difference, see: Differentiating R from RStudio)
Do any other messages print to the console after the ones you posted? If so, can you please paste them here?
When you say nothing happens, do you mean that the last line of the console does not have a prompt (>)? What are you expecting to see happen?
Just in case: sometimes people get confused because package installation is so quick if you’re on a system where R was able to install an available binary (pre-compiled) version of the package. If a new line with a prompt appears, then package installation has finished. To use the package, you need to load it using library("dplyr").
The problem is same in R and in RStudio
There are no other messages.
At the end of installation usually there is a message that a package is successfully installed and a prompt > appears. However, in my case none of this happens (after over 1 hour of waiting). If I try to type sth the program gets stuck and I have to kill the process.
Hmm, very puzzling. This a long shot, but what happens if you try installing dplyr from a different CRAN mirror?
Trying to rule out the possibility that R is hanging up while trying to download other dependencies, or that there’s something wrong with the downloaded file.