My understanding that this string is not a "pure" GeoJSON format, but rather a different JSON format.
After an extensive search, I think that this geometry format is an ESRI (ArcGIS) JSON, documented here
Unfortunately, so far I haven't found any existing package to parse this format.
this is kind of unexpected... for GeoJSON is pretty well described format, with all the proper MUST and SHALL and what not... RFC 7946 - The GeoJSON Format
but I guess that you have to deal with what you have - I feel your pain