Survey data would contain a plethora of different question types including single, multiple choice, grid, ranked, free text, etc. Would R be a suitable software for such an analytical purpose?
Yes, R is, in fact, one of the best languages to do this type of analysis.
There are multiple packages that might suit your needs at https://cran.r-project.org/web/views/SocialSciences.html (consider, for example, survey package).