I think this StackOverflow thread will get you what you're looking for
In the future it's easier to answer a question if you include self-contained reprex (short for reproducible example). For pointers specific to the community site, check out the reprex FAQ.
Edit: Leaving below for posterity, but definitely use @mishabalyasin's with row_number() (which is also what at least one answer suggests in the SO thread, I think). (>ლ)
library(tidyverse)
mydata <- data_frame(countries = c("France", "US", "France", "France", "China", "China", "US"),
number = 1)
mydata %>%
group_by(countries) %>%
mutate(ticker = cumsum(number))
#> # A tibble: 7 x 3
#> # Groups: countries [3]
#> countries number ticker
#> <chr> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 France 1 1
#> 2 US 1 1
#> 3 France 1 2
#> 4 France 1 3
#> 5 China 1 1
#> 6 China 1 2
#> 7 US 1 2
Created on 2018-08-22 by the reprex package (v0.2.0.9000).