Error in R Markdown: Data must be a character vector

[onyourmark]

I am trying to run code in markdown in RStudio when knitting to html. The code runs without error as an R script. I am reading in files as a corpus using the tm text mining package. With each file (with each element in the corpus), I am processing it with code like the following, but I am getting an error apparently with this statement which uses a function from the syuzhet package

d<-get_nrc_sentiment(AttdAI)

The error looks like this

Error in get_nrc_sentiment(AttdAI) : Data must be a character vector.
Calls: <Anonymous> ... withCallingHandlers -> withVisible -> eval -> eval -> get_nrc_senti

Here is the relevant code

for (cor in 1:length(my_corpus)){
  
  Essay_Corpus <- Corpus(VectorSource(my_corpus[cor]))

  # Convert the text to lower case
  Essay_Corpus <- tm_map(Essay_Corpus, content_transformer(tolower))
  # Remove numbers
  Essay_Corpus <- tm_map(Essay_Corpus, removeNumbers)
  # Remove english common stopwords
  Essay_Corpus <- tm_map(Essay_Corpus, removeWords, stopwords("en"))
  # Remove punctuations
  Essay_Corpus <- tm_map(Essay_Corpus, removePunctuation)
  # Eliminate extra white spaces
  Essay_Corpus <- tm_map(Essay_Corpus, stripWhitespace)
  # Text stemming
  Essay_Corpus <- tm_map(Essay_Corpus, stemDocument)
  
  
  # Remove additional stopwords
  Essay_Corpus <- tm_map(Essay_Corpus, removeWords, c("also", "can", "may", "even", "will", "however", "like", "many","retrieved","like" ,"name","data","ghotbi"))
  
  #Create term document matrix
  dtm_essay <- DocumentTermMatrix(Essay_Corpus)
  
  tdm_essay <- TermDocumentMatrix(Essay_Corpus)
  m_essay <- as.matrix(tdm_essay)
  v_essay <- sort(rowSums(m_essay),decreasing=TRUE)
  d_essay <- data.frame(word = names(v_essay),freq=v_essay)
 
  findAssocs(tdm_essay, c("vaccine", "time"), c(0))
  findAssocs(tdm_essay, c("job", "human"), c(0))
  
  
  #Draw word cloud
  set.seed(1234)

  
  Essay_wc[[cor]] <- ggplot(d_essay, aes(label = word, size = freq)) + geom_text_wordcloud()
  
  #Sentiment analysis
  
  AttdAI <- convert.tm.to.character(my_corpus[cor])
  
  d<-get_nrc_sentiment(AttdAI)
  
  td<-data.frame(t(d))
  
  td_new <- data.frame(rowSums(td[1:2]))
  
  
  #Transformation and cleaning
  names(td_new)[1] <- "count"
  td_new <- cbind("sentiment"= rownames(td_new), td_new)
  allEssaysSentsAfter <- cbind(allEssaysSentsAfter,td_new[,2])
  rownames(td_new) <- NULL
  td_emo <-td_new[1:8,]
  td_sentiment<-td_new[9:10,]
  
  #Calculate difference in Emotion
  afterSentiment <- cbind(afterSentiment,as.matrix(td_new[,2]))
  
  #plotting
  
  emo_plot[[cor]] <- qplot(sentiment, xlab="After Essay emotions", data=td_emo, weight=count, geom="bar",fill=sentiment)+ggtitle(pdfNames[cor])+theme(axis.title.x = element_text(size = 9, lineheight = .9,family = "Times", face = "bold.italic", colour = "red")) + theme(plot.title = element_text(size = 9, lineheight = .9,family = "Times", face = "bold.italic", colour = "red"))+ylim(0,22)
  
  
  
  sentiment_plot[[cor]] <- qplot(sentiment, xlab ="After Essay sentiments in binary terms", data=td_sentiment, weight=count, geom="bar",fill=sentiment)+ggtitle(pdfNames[cor])+theme(axis.title.x = element_text(size = 9, lineheight = .9,family = "Times", face = "bold.italic", colour = "red")) + theme(plot.title = element_text(size = 9, lineheight = .9,family = "Times", face = "bold.italic", colour = "red"))+ylim(0,55)

  
  
  coll2 <- textstat_collocations(AttdAI, size = 4:6)
  
  
  freqterms <- findFreqTerms(dtm_essay, lowfreq = 50)
  
  
  
}

Can anyone tell me how I can run this in markdown?

For reference, the libraries being used are

library("tm")
library(dplyr)
library("NLP")
library("ggplot2")
library("syuzhet")
library("SnowballC")
library("RColorBrewer")
library("wordcloud")
library(RSQLite)
library(quanteda)
library(readtext)         # To read .txt files
library(stm)              # For structural topic models
library(stminsights)      # For visual exploration of STM
library(gsl)              # Required for the topicmodels package
library(topicmodels)      # For topicmodels
library(caret)            # For machine learning
library(wordcloud)
library(textreg)
library(grid)
library(gridExtra)
library(ggpubr)
library(rlist)
library(ggwordcloud)
library(ggplot2)

Thanks!

[technocrat]

@onyourmark

get_nrc_sentiment

is a syuzhet function with a signature

get_nrc_sentiment(char_v, cl = NULL, language = "english", lowercase = TRUE)

where char_v is a character vector, e.g.

c("alpha", "beta")

The function is being given as char_v AttdAI,which is the return value of convert.tm.to.character from the textreg package. As noted in it's documentation

sometimes you need to convert your tm object to a string vector for various reasons, the main one being handing it to the C++ method. It is ugly, \dots
It is therefore a possibly better decision to pass a filename to a plain-text file to the textreg call to be loaded by C++ directly. See textreg

which indicates that get_nrc_sentiment may fail, there is an alternative and suggests that it is not worthwhile attempting to find why it might work in the console but not in the rendering.

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