X1 = c(2.5, 0.5, 2.2, 1.9, 3.1, 2.3, 2, 1, 1.5, 1.1) X2 = c(2.4, 0.7, 2.9, 2.2, 3, 2.7, 1.6, 1.1, 1.6, 0.9) var(X1) [1] 0.6165556 var(X2) [1] 0.7165556 cov(1,X2) Error in cov(1, X2) : incompatible dimensions cov(X1,X2) [1] 0.6154444 plot(cov(X1,X2))