We currently say this about the experimental Windows ARM builds:
Support for Positron on Windows arm64 platforms is currently experimental; note that these builds do not include Quarto and require an arm64 version of Python.
In terms of R, you can use either the aarch64 version of R or x64 version of R. Note that if you use the aarch64 version of R, you will have increased performance but won't be able to install most packages since CRAN does not yet publish binaries for aarch64. If you use aarch64 R, install the RTools for 64-bit ARM so packages can be compiled locally.
I don't think the "exit code: 10" is something we've had reports of before. Can you open a GitHub discussion and include some logs for us to look into? I think it would be helpful to see logs from these output channels: