I suspect my problem is related to an error message I see if I launch Rstudio from a command prompt.
I "googled it" and poked around in here, but remain stuck. Kevin Ushey's suggestion to use software rendering didnt help either. 
mike@penguin:~$ rstudio
libva error: vaGetDriverNameByIndex() failed with unknown libva error, driver_name = (null)
I am running RStudio from Debian Linux 11 on a chromebook (see devtools::session_info() below). I tried sudo apt upgrade to see if that would fix, but no joy there. That got my packages vs. R version out-of-sync, but also did not affect the issue.
I can execute lines with Ctrl-Enter or "Run selected line(s) Ctrl-Enter" from the "Run" menu in the source code editor, from a .R script, or an .Rmd file... but not from any .qmd file.
This may be related to a (background) Debian update (courtesy of ChromeOS).
devtools::session_info()
#> ─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#> setting value
#> version R version 4.3.0 (2023-04-21)
#> os Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)
#> system x86_64, linux-gnu
#> ui X11
#> language (EN)
#> collate en_US.UTF-8
#> ctype en_US.UTF-8
#> tz America/New_York
#> date 2023-05-20
#> pandoc 2.19.2 @ /usr/lib/rstudio/resources/app/bin/quarto/bin/tools/ (via rmarkdown)
#>
#> ─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#> package * version date (UTC) lib source
#> cachem 1.0.6 2021-08-19 [1] CRAN (R 4.1.2)
#> callr 3.7.3 2022-11-02 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> cli 3.5.0 2022-12-20 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> crayon 1.5.2 2022-09-29 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> devtools 2.4.5 2022-10-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> digest 0.6.31 2022-12-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> ellipsis 0.3.2 2021-04-29 [1] CRAN (R 4.1.2)
#> evaluate 0.19 2022-12-13 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> fastmap 1.1.0 2021-01-25 [1] CRAN (R 4.1.2)
#> fs 1.5.2 2021-12-08 [1] CRAN (R 4.1.2)
#> glue 1.6.2 2022-02-24 [1] CRAN (R 4.1.2)
#> highr 0.10 2022-12-22 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> htmltools 0.5.4 2022-12-07 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> htmlwidgets 1.6.0 2022-12-15 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> httpuv 1.6.7 2022-12-14 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> knitr 1.41 2022-11-18 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> later 1.3.0 2021-08-18 [1] CRAN (R 4.1.2)
#> lifecycle 1.0.3 2022-10-07 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> magrittr 2.0.3 2022-03-30 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> memoise 2.0.1 2021-11-26 [1] CRAN (R 4.1.2)
#> mime 0.12 2021-09-28 [1] CRAN (R 4.1.2)
#> miniUI 0.1.1.1 2018-05-18 [1] CRAN (R 4.1.2)
#> pkgbuild 1.4.0 2022-11-27 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> pkgload 1.3.2 2022-11-16 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> prettyunits 1.1.1 2020-01-24 [1] CRAN (R 4.1.2)
#> processx 3.8.0 2022-10-26 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> profvis 0.3.7 2020-11-02 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> promises 1.2.0.1 2021-02-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.1.2)
#> ps 1.7.2 2022-10-26 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> purrr 1.0.0 2022-12-20 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> R.cache 0.16.0 2022-07-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> R.methodsS3 1.8.2 2022-06-13 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> R.oo 1.25.0 2022-06-12 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> R.utils 2.12.2 2022-11-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> R6 2.5.1 2021-08-19 [1] CRAN (R 4.1.2)
#> Rcpp 1.0.9 2022-07-08 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> remotes 2.4.2 2021-11-30 [1] CRAN (R 4.1.2)
#> reprex 2.0.2 2022-08-17 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> rlang 1.0.6 2022-09-24 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> rmarkdown 2.19 2022-12-15 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> rstudioapi 0.14 2022-08-22 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> sessioninfo 1.2.2 2021-12-06 [1] CRAN (R 4.1.2)
#> shiny 1.7.4 2022-12-15 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> stringi 1.7.8 2022-07-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> stringr 1.5.0 2022-12-02 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> styler 1.8.1 2022-11-07 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> urlchecker 1.0.1 2021-11-30 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> usethis 2.1.6 2022-05-25 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> vctrs 0.5.1 2022-11-16 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> withr 2.5.0 2022-03-03 [1] CRAN (R 4.1.2)
#> xfun 0.36 2022-12-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#> xtable 1.8-4 2019-04-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.1.2)
#> yaml 2.3.6 2022-10-18 [1] CRAN (R 4.2.0)
#>
#> [1] /home/mike/Rlibs
#> [2] /usr/local/lib/R/site-library
#> [3] /usr/lib/R/site-library
#> [4] /usr/lib/R/library
#>
#> ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Created on 2023-05-20 with reprex v2.0.2
