It's not completely clear what you want but maybe:
library(data.table)
library(lubridate)
nums <- c("01", "02", "03", "04", "05", "06", "07", "08", "09", "10", "11", "12")
dat1 <- data.table(nums = sample(nums, 20, replace = TRUE))
dat1[, newnums := fcase(
nums == "01", "Jan",
nums == "02", "Feb",
nums == "03", "Mar",
nums == "04", "Apr",
nums == "05", "May",
nums == "06", "Jun",
nums == "07", "Jul",
nums == "08", "Aug",
nums == "09", "Sep",
nums == "10", "Oct",
nums == "11", "Nov",
nums == "12", "Dec")
]
dat1[, nd := ymd(paste0("2022-", newnums, "-01" ))]
dat1
You may want to have a look at this FAQ.