I got tied up and couldn't try it until this morning. Neither worked. The error was the same.
I also tried installing an earlier version, rstudio-2023.06.2-561-amd64.deb.
Starting from the command line I got this error:
jcarson@pop-os:~$ rstudio
[33656:1002/103946.969806:ERROR:gl_factory.cc(128)] Requested GL implementation (gl=desktop-gl,angle=none) not found in allowed implementations: [(gl=egl-angle,angle=default),(gl=egl-gles2,angle=none),(gl=egl-angle,angle=swiftshader)].
[33656:1002/103946.970848:ERROR:viz_main_impl.cc(186)] Exiting GPU process due to errors during initialization
[33712:1002/103947.046292:ERROR:command_buffer_proxy_impl.cc(128)] ContextResult::kTransientFailure: Failed to send GpuControl.CreateCommandBuffer.
[33687:1002/103947.047159:ERROR:command_buffer_proxy_impl.cc(128)] ContextResult::kTransientFailure: Failed to send GpuControl.CreateCommandBuffer.
So, apparently there is some issue with the gpu setup or compatibility.