I think you need to play with the argument of pdf()
function so that it supports a font with those characters. It uses postscript if I understand well. Graphic devices is not something I find easy.
You could also try other pdf devices
- the
cairo_pdf
device from grDevices, - or
Cairo::CairoPDF()
You could also be interested in this article about how to use fonts with R graphics.
and about the showtext package
https://cran.rstudio.com/web/packages/showtext/vignettes/introduction.html
Hope it helps.
If you find the answer, please share.