problems with workingDir in shiny server

I think bslib::bs_theme() is what calls sass, that tries to cache. See for example here.

Shiny [...] will perform this compilation automatically when handed a bs_theme()

cache This can be a directory to use for the cache, a FileCache object created by sass_file_cache(), or FALSE or NULL for no caching.

Sass caching and precompilation
If Shiny Developer Mode is enabled (by setting options(shiny.devmode = TRUE) or calling shiny::devmode(TRUE)), both sass caching and bslib precompilation are disabled by default; that is, a call to bs_theme_dependencies(theme) expands to bs_theme_dependencies(theme, cache = F, precompiled = F)).

If I understand correctly, you can solve this by setting the option sass.cache or by creating a directory named app_cache/ that will be automatically used.

Also pinging this old question for backlinking.