Can you share your version of RStudio, and a reprex?
I can not reproduce on Windows 11 with RStudio 2023.06.2+561 "Mountain Hydrangea" Release (de44a3118f7963972e24a78b7a1ad48b4be8a217, 2023-08-25) for windows
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) RStudio/2023.06.2+561 Chrome/110.0.5481.208 Electron/23.3.0 Safari/537.36
using this reprex:
library(tidyverse)
dat <- tibble(x = rep(c("一","些","数","据"),
times = 2),
y = rnorm(4*2, 5),
cat = rep(c("一类", "第二类"),
each = 4))
dat |>
ggplot() +
geom_col(aes(x = x, y = y, fill = cat),
position = "dodge")