This is one way
library(tidyverse)
library(lubridate)
df <- tribble(~TIME,~inflation_US,~inflation_IN,
"2011-01", 1.631847, 9.302325,
"2011-02", 2.107585, 8.823529,
"2011-03", 2.681603, 8.823529,
"2011-04", 3.163631, 9.411765,
"2011-05", 3.568646, 8.72093,
"2011-06", 3.558828, 8.620689)
base_df <- df %>% mutate(dt=lubridate::ymd(paste0(TIME,"-01")))
all_dates <- base_df %>%select(dt) %>%
complete(dt= seq.Date(min(dt), max(dt), by="day"),
) %>% mutate(TIME=paste(year(dt),str_pad(month(dt), 2, pad = "0"),sep = "-"))
left_join(all_dates,df,by="TIME")