Help needed: non-numeric argument to binary operator

[mishabalyasin]

It is always a good idea to have a reproducible example. It helps us help you. Here you can read more about how to do it:

FAQ: What's a reproducible example (`reprex`) and how do I create one?

Why reprex? Getting unstuck is hard. Your first step here is usually to create a reprex, or reproducible example. The goal of a reprex is to package your code, and information about your problem so that others can run it and feel your pain. Then, hopefully, folks can more easily provide a solution. What's in a Reproducible Example? Parts of a reproducible example: background information - Describe what you are trying to do. What have you already done? complete set up - include any library() calls and data to reproduce your issue. data for a reprex: Here's a discussion on setting up data for a reprex make it run - include the minimal code required to reproduce your error on the data…

That being said, in your case I'm pretty sure the problem is that your column name (specifically, opt-out rate) is not a valid name, so R is getting confused.

To fix this, you can do the following:

1. Change names of the column with, e.g., make.names function in base R.
2. Use the name, but put it in backticks:

Figure1$`opt-out rate`